Jean-François Millet

Born: Gruchy, Normandy, 4 October 1814

Died: Barbizon, 20 January 1875

Nationality: French


Works by this Artist

Sower
Jean-François Millet, 1850

Background

rural upbringing; Millet drawing of His Childhood Home (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)

Studies

with portrait painter Bon Du Mouchel; with Lucien-Theophile Langlois (Cherbourg); with Paul Delaroche (Paris)

Career

1839 – competes unsuccessfully for Prix de Rome

1840 –Paris Salon debut; returns to Cherbourg for one year

1848 – meets Barbizon artists, especially friendly with Théodore Rousseau

1849 – moves to Barbizon

1850 – exhibits The Sower at Paris Salon

1867 – retrospective exhibition at Exposition universelle (Paris)

1868 – awarded Légion d’honneur

1870 – final Salon exhibition

1889 –The Angleus purchased for record breaking 580,650 francs and tours the US

Commissions from

Thomas Gold Appleton; Frédéric Hartmann

Important Artworks

Self-Portrait, c. 1840 (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)

Harvesters Resting (Ruth and Boaz), 1850-53 (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)

Starry Night, 1851 (Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven)

The Gleaners, 1857 (Musée d’Orsay, Paris)

The Angleus, 1857-59 (Musée d’Orsay)

Documentation

The contemporary British Naturalist painter George Clausen (1852-1944) commented on Millet:

“With Millet the subject and type were everything – the individual nothing. He was passionately moved by his subject, and once its action and sentiment were expressed, everything was subordinated to them. He cared nothing for the smaller truths of detail provided the general impression were true to his mental image, and his aim was avowedly to impose his mental impression on the spectator.”

George Clausen, “Jules Bastien-Lepage as Artist," Jules Bastien-Lepage and His Art. A Memoir, André Theuriet (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1892), 116.

Web Resources

Metmuseum: Barbizon painting

Readings

Grew, R. “Picturing the People: Images of the Lower Orders in Nineteenth-Century French Art,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 17 (Summer 1986): 203-31

Herbert, Robert L. “City vs. Country: The Rural Image in French Painting from Millet to Gauguin,” Artforum, vol. 8 (February 1978): 44-55

Herbert, Robert L. Jean-François Millet. Exhibition catalogue. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1976

Herbert, Robert L. “Millet Reconsidered,” Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, vol. 1 (1966): 28-65

Meixner, Laura. “Popular Criticism of Jean François Millet in 19th-Century America,” The Art Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 1 (1983): 94-105

Murphy, Alexandra R. Jean-François Millet. Exhibition catalogue. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, 1984

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